Roaring Twenties Political Events

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    18th Amendment to the Constitution

    • The 18th Amendment to the Constitution, commonly referred to as "Prohibition," went into effect at midnight January 16, 1920. It outlawed the possession, sale, making and drinking of alcoholic beverages. The law was eventually repealed in 1933.

    19th Amendment to the Constitution

    • Women gained the right to vote in 1920 in the 19th Amendment. Due to societal norms of the past, many women chose not to vote. The League of Women Voters was formed the same year to educate women about political issues and candidates, as well as encourage participation in the political process. One of the founders was the president of the National American Woman Suffrage Association, Carrie Chapman Catt.

    1924 Presidential Election

    • Republican former Vice President Calvin Coolidge had been sworn in as president of the United States in 1923 after the death of President Harding. President Coolidge won the 1924 election in a landslide, largely due to the hardy economy. The Republican presidential candidate won in New York City, which has not been repeated in United States history since, as of 2010.

    The Teapot Dome Scandal

    • As secretary of the Interior, Albert Fall was under legal obligation to call for competitive bids for companies to lease federal land from the U.S. government. Instead of doing so, he illegally leased the lands to Harry Sinclair of Mammoth Oil. The scandal was revealed in 1923, and Fall went down in history as the first cabinet member in America's history to go to jail.

    Suspension of Japanese Immigration

    • Japanese immigrants had been immigrating to the United States since about 1869. Most were men who became laborers. Unrest over the number of Japanese immigrants began with white supremacists, politicians and labor unions. This unrest led to a "Gentleman's Agreement," which greatly diminished the number of male Japanese laborers allowed to enter the country. Children and wives of laborers were allowed to continue to enter the country. Arranged Japanese marriages brought more Japanese women. Anti-Japanese groups rose in protest to the growing population of Japanese immigrants saying they were violating the "Gentleman's Agreement," and a movement was begun to eliminate the immigration of Japanese. This led to the Immigration Act of 1924, which halted all Japanese immigration in the states until 1952.

    Stock Market Crash

    • On October 24, 1929, 13 million shares of stock were sold on the New York Stock Exchange despite efforts to raise prices. The day became known as "Black Thursday." Sixteen million shares of stock were sold November 13, and the day was deemed "Black Tuesday." $30 billion worth of devalued stock was lost by November 13 and the stock market crashed. This series of events was the beginning of America's Great Depression.

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