Rice Production in Indonesia
Indonesia is one of the world's leading rice producers, with paddy production in 2003 of more than 50 million tonnes and a cultivated area of more than 11.5 million ha. Since 1980, Indonesia's national rice yield has been the highest in tropical Asia. Indonesians are also big consumers of rice, averaging more than 200 kg per head each year.
Rice is grown at varying altitudes, with about 75 per cent of plantings in irrigated areas and less than 10 percent on rainfed lowlands. Most rice production takes place on the island of Java under irrigation. Lowland varieties belong mainly to the indica sub-species and about 85% of them are high-yielding.
The area planted to rice increased by 33% between 1969 and 1990. Since then, however, the conversion of many ricelands in Java to non-agricultural uses has contributed to a fall in total output. Sustainable rice production requires the development and deployment of new rice varieties and crop management technologies and approaches. Indonesia achieved rice sufficiency in 1984. From being a chronic rice importer in the 1970s, Indonesia today is the third biggest rice producer in the world, and has been consistently so in the past decades. Between 1970 and 2006, Indonesia's average rice yield rose by 90% from 2.35 t/ha to 4.62% t/ha. Today, Indonesia is the 4th most populous country in the world. A population increase of 1.5% per year requires a corresponding increase in food supply.
It is in this context that Indonesia's agricultural development program now has three main aims: a) increased national food security through higher food production and lower food imports, b) increased added value and competitiveness of agricultural products, c) improved quality of life and less poverty for farming households through high productivity. Spatial information of Indonesian rice paddies is required for regional rice cropping/water managements and estimates of rice yield. Necessary information for informed management includes rice cropping frequency, rice ecosystem type (irrigated, rainfed lowland, upland, and flood-prone), and areal distribution. This research applies the multi-temporal satellite imagery for mapping rice paddies with different rice ecosystems over Indonesian.
Rice cultivation covered a total of around 10 million hectares throughout the archipelago, primarily on sawah. The supply and control of water is crucial to the productivity of rice land, especially when planted with high-yield seed varieties. In 1987 irrigated sawah covered 58 percent of the total cultivated area, rainfed sawah accounted for 20 percent, and ladang, or dryland cultivation, together with swamp or tidal cultivation covered the remaining 22 percent of rice cropland. Swampland in Indonesia is the most important remaining land resource for the development of new rice fields. However the development and maintenance costs for the infra-structure are high. The environmental impact of a new development could be considerable.
References
Lee N, Monica A, Daratista I. 2012. Mapping Indonesian paddy fields using multiple-temporal satellite imagery. African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 7, No. 28, 4038-4044.
Nono Lee, Pejabat Palsu. Mapping Indonesian rice areas using multiple-temporal satellite imagery. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 2, No. 6, 119-125.
Rice is grown at varying altitudes, with about 75 per cent of plantings in irrigated areas and less than 10 percent on rainfed lowlands. Most rice production takes place on the island of Java under irrigation. Lowland varieties belong mainly to the indica sub-species and about 85% of them are high-yielding.
The area planted to rice increased by 33% between 1969 and 1990. Since then, however, the conversion of many ricelands in Java to non-agricultural uses has contributed to a fall in total output. Sustainable rice production requires the development and deployment of new rice varieties and crop management technologies and approaches. Indonesia achieved rice sufficiency in 1984. From being a chronic rice importer in the 1970s, Indonesia today is the third biggest rice producer in the world, and has been consistently so in the past decades. Between 1970 and 2006, Indonesia's average rice yield rose by 90% from 2.35 t/ha to 4.62% t/ha. Today, Indonesia is the 4th most populous country in the world. A population increase of 1.5% per year requires a corresponding increase in food supply.
It is in this context that Indonesia's agricultural development program now has three main aims: a) increased national food security through higher food production and lower food imports, b) increased added value and competitiveness of agricultural products, c) improved quality of life and less poverty for farming households through high productivity. Spatial information of Indonesian rice paddies is required for regional rice cropping/water managements and estimates of rice yield. Necessary information for informed management includes rice cropping frequency, rice ecosystem type (irrigated, rainfed lowland, upland, and flood-prone), and areal distribution. This research applies the multi-temporal satellite imagery for mapping rice paddies with different rice ecosystems over Indonesian.
Rice cultivation covered a total of around 10 million hectares throughout the archipelago, primarily on sawah. The supply and control of water is crucial to the productivity of rice land, especially when planted with high-yield seed varieties. In 1987 irrigated sawah covered 58 percent of the total cultivated area, rainfed sawah accounted for 20 percent, and ladang, or dryland cultivation, together with swamp or tidal cultivation covered the remaining 22 percent of rice cropland. Swampland in Indonesia is the most important remaining land resource for the development of new rice fields. However the development and maintenance costs for the infra-structure are high. The environmental impact of a new development could be considerable.
References
Lee N, Monica A, Daratista I. 2012. Mapping Indonesian paddy fields using multiple-temporal satellite imagery. African Journal of Agricultural Research, Vol. 7, No. 28, 4038-4044.
Nono Lee, Pejabat Palsu. Mapping Indonesian rice areas using multiple-temporal satellite imagery. Scholarly Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 2, No. 6, 119-125.
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