Transformative Mediation

• In transformative mediation, the goal of reaching a mutually agreed upon settlement is temporarily set aside, so the dialogue partners can focus on changing their response to the conflict. Through emphasis on such skills as communication and reframing, the style of interaction is changed from one that is primarily negative and dehumanizing to one that is responsive and empowering.
  
  

Conflict Transformation

• Conflict transformation bears similarities to transformative mediation, with the difference being an emphasis on the holistic value of peacemaking. The goal is to broaden the approach to conflict beyond the managerial or technocratic aspect of conflict resolution, encompassing the interrelation between broad sets of cultural and spiritual values such as justice, truth, forgiveness, memory and gratitude.
  
  

Human Needs

• The human needs approach sees conflict in terms of unmet needs and frustrated aspirations. In the case of a minority group seeking greater rights and recognition, for example, some of those needs may be for greater security, education, economic opportunity and participation in the political process. These needs are then assessed through an analytical process of weighing costs and benefits, and proposals for change are presented to both parties.
  
  

Constructive Confrontation

• Constructive confrontation acknowledges that a basic degree of opposition is likely to remain between two deeply opposed parties with a long history of conflict. Rather than attempting to eliminate the conflict entirely, constructive confrontation tries to create opportunities for the parties to address the conflict through nonviolent means. This involves isolating extreme elements, encouraging cultural exchanges, promoting areas of possible collaboration and inviting public participation.