Overcome Male Infertility - Infertility Diagnosis From the Conventional Perspective
Definition Infertility is defined as inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected sexual intercourse.
It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U.
S.
and many times more in the world, because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist.
In fact, More than 40% of infertility of a couple is caused by male inability to fertilize.
Diagnosis is a analytics approach, after initial consultation and medical history and personal information have been taken from a patient or couple.
The main objective of the conventional diagnosis is to find the causes of infertility, but unfortunately, it has less than 1% successful rate.
We will try to give you the definition of types of male diagnosis in alphabet order.
I.
Medical history and physical exams Before reading the definition of types of diagnosis, you may want to know briefly what information is recorded on your personal file I.
General medical history 1.
Any miscarriage, previous pregnancies and abortion.
2.
Any ectopic pregnancy 3.
Any previous surgery 4.
Have you now on HRT.
5.
Use of conceptive method, type of use 6.
Any reproductive chronic pain including STD.
urinary tract infection ad chronic diseases.
7.
Medication you are taking now 8.
Any medication of your mother during pregnancy to rule out infertility caused by birth defect 9.
Your lifestyle.
II.
Physical Exam a) Testicle related including injure, childhood testicle illness and abnormal in birth b) Age of puberty c) Number of previous sexual partners d) Question related to ejaculation and impotence e) Do you have child with other women f) Have you ever contacted and treated with sexual transmitted diseases g) Hot bath h) Smoking and drugs abuse i) Expose to radiation j) workplace hazard k) Medication may influence your sexual organs.
l) Other general exam depending to your specialist (herbalist or others) III.
Male Infertility Diagnosis 1.
Acrosome reaction test After the sample is taken, your fertility specialist exams the acrosome reaction of your sperms to see how your sperm penetrate the female egg, how the enzymes (acrosome then acrosin released from the sperm head ) in sperm work through tough coating of the eggs and fertilized it.
2.
Antisperm antibody An antisperm antibody test as defined as a test to look for abnormal function of immune system antibodies that fight against a male's sperm in blood, vaginal fluids, or semen.
With a substance added to the sample sperm, the test will tell whether the sperm is affected by proteins of the immune system or not.
3.
Biochemical analysis The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occur in male testicle such as the concentration of white blood cells, the level of fructose in the semen, and the volume, pH, and liquefaction time of the ejaculate.
4.
Computer-Assist semen analysis The sample of sperm is scanned in to the computer pre store program to show how the sperm quality, quantity, shape and movement.
Since any small change of the computer may produce a significant change in sperm calculation, therefore any abnormal sperm count should be confirmed by manual count.
5.
Hemizona assay Hemizona assay is the analysis to compare sample sperm of the male to the sperm of the fertilized male by splitting the mature and normal egg into 2 half.
1/2 is tested by sample sperm and the other half is tested by fertilized male sperm.
6.
Hormone evaluation Hormonal evaluation is a study to measure the levels of certain hormones produced by your body such as levels of FSH and testosterone which are involved directly in sperm production.
The test will only be used if the semen of sperm analysis comes back with low density of sperm or your specialist suspects that hormone imbalance is the cause of infertility.
7.
Human zona pellucida binding test The testes help to exam how the sperm bind to outer layer of the egg including hemizona assay.
8.
Hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) is the test used to identify sperm membrane for structure integrity by examining how the sperm tails react to special sugar and salt.
Only healthy sperm can react in that circumstance.
9.
Pene trak Pene trak is the test for 90 minutes to check the movement of sperm through a normal and friendly mucus in the test tube.
10.
Peroxidase staining It is a test to check for infection by differentiating white blood cell from the immature sperm.
11.
Post-coital/cervical mucus test It is a test to see how friendly the mucus of the cervix toward the sperm invasion a few days before and after ovulation.
The result can be determined after a) Male partner sperm with female partner cervical mucus b) Male partner sperm with healthy mucus c) Known healthy sperm with female partner mucus d) Known healthy sperm with known healthy muscle 12.
Sperm penetration assay (hamster test) Sperm penetration test only is needed if the normal semen test can not determine the sperm penetration ability then hamster eggs with the ouster membrane has been stripped off are used in place of female eggs because of it's structural similarity to human eggs.
13.
Sperm-Ubiquitin tag immunoassay (SUTI) Sperm-Ubiquitin tag immunoassay ignores other sperm attributes and focus solely on sperm's ubiquitin because ubiquitin is considered as a universal marker of any sperm abnormalities including sperm damage and sperm defective, thereby reducing some unnecessary treatments.
14.
Semen analysis A semen analysis is usually the first test for all infertility male , it helps to measure the amount of semen a man produces and determines the quantity and quality of sperm such as size, shape.
movement and PH level in the sample.
a) Normal form sperm Ovary head, single tail with intact midsection and an uncoiled.
b) Abnormal heads Head of sperm if too big or too small and other than ovary head.
c) Abnormal tails Coil, broken, bent tail and other than single tail.
d) Immature gen cells Since white blood cells and white gen cells have a very similar apprance and structure, it is up to the specialist to make sure that the present is immature gen cells and not white blood cells.
e) Vital staining It is the analysis to see the percentage of dead sperm compare to lice one.
f) Urinalysis It is to make sure the infertility is not caused by retrograde rejaculation and the urinary tract is not infected.
15.
Scrotal sonography Scotal sonography is used to evaluate the testicle disorder and surrounding organs including prostate gland, epididymis, an absent or undescended testicle and any testicle abnormality.
16.
Testicle biopsy A small sample is taken and tested for the ability of sperm producing cellsl in normal cells production.
This test is necessary if the infertility male is found to have no sperm in semen, normal sex levels of hormone and abnormal sperm with unknown cause.
The risk of the test may cause testicle damage.
17.
Vasography Vasography is a Radiographic study of the vas deferens.
It helps to determine if the vas deferens is blocked or not and the reason of such blockage.
It effects over 5 millions couple alone in the U.
S.
and many times more in the world, because of unawareness of treatments, only 10% seeks help from professional specialist.
In fact, More than 40% of infertility of a couple is caused by male inability to fertilize.
Diagnosis is a analytics approach, after initial consultation and medical history and personal information have been taken from a patient or couple.
The main objective of the conventional diagnosis is to find the causes of infertility, but unfortunately, it has less than 1% successful rate.
We will try to give you the definition of types of male diagnosis in alphabet order.
I.
Medical history and physical exams Before reading the definition of types of diagnosis, you may want to know briefly what information is recorded on your personal file I.
General medical history 1.
Any miscarriage, previous pregnancies and abortion.
2.
Any ectopic pregnancy 3.
Any previous surgery 4.
Have you now on HRT.
5.
Use of conceptive method, type of use 6.
Any reproductive chronic pain including STD.
urinary tract infection ad chronic diseases.
7.
Medication you are taking now 8.
Any medication of your mother during pregnancy to rule out infertility caused by birth defect 9.
Your lifestyle.
II.
Physical Exam a) Testicle related including injure, childhood testicle illness and abnormal in birth b) Age of puberty c) Number of previous sexual partners d) Question related to ejaculation and impotence e) Do you have child with other women f) Have you ever contacted and treated with sexual transmitted diseases g) Hot bath h) Smoking and drugs abuse i) Expose to radiation j) workplace hazard k) Medication may influence your sexual organs.
l) Other general exam depending to your specialist (herbalist or others) III.
Male Infertility Diagnosis 1.
Acrosome reaction test After the sample is taken, your fertility specialist exams the acrosome reaction of your sperms to see how your sperm penetrate the female egg, how the enzymes (acrosome then acrosin released from the sperm head ) in sperm work through tough coating of the eggs and fertilized it.
2.
Antisperm antibody An antisperm antibody test as defined as a test to look for abnormal function of immune system antibodies that fight against a male's sperm in blood, vaginal fluids, or semen.
With a substance added to the sample sperm, the test will tell whether the sperm is affected by proteins of the immune system or not.
3.
Biochemical analysis The study of the chemical substances and vital processes occur in male testicle such as the concentration of white blood cells, the level of fructose in the semen, and the volume, pH, and liquefaction time of the ejaculate.
4.
Computer-Assist semen analysis The sample of sperm is scanned in to the computer pre store program to show how the sperm quality, quantity, shape and movement.
Since any small change of the computer may produce a significant change in sperm calculation, therefore any abnormal sperm count should be confirmed by manual count.
5.
Hemizona assay Hemizona assay is the analysis to compare sample sperm of the male to the sperm of the fertilized male by splitting the mature and normal egg into 2 half.
1/2 is tested by sample sperm and the other half is tested by fertilized male sperm.
6.
Hormone evaluation Hormonal evaluation is a study to measure the levels of certain hormones produced by your body such as levels of FSH and testosterone which are involved directly in sperm production.
The test will only be used if the semen of sperm analysis comes back with low density of sperm or your specialist suspects that hormone imbalance is the cause of infertility.
7.
Human zona pellucida binding test The testes help to exam how the sperm bind to outer layer of the egg including hemizona assay.
8.
Hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) hypoosmotic swelling test (HOST) is the test used to identify sperm membrane for structure integrity by examining how the sperm tails react to special sugar and salt.
Only healthy sperm can react in that circumstance.
9.
Pene trak Pene trak is the test for 90 minutes to check the movement of sperm through a normal and friendly mucus in the test tube.
10.
Peroxidase staining It is a test to check for infection by differentiating white blood cell from the immature sperm.
11.
Post-coital/cervical mucus test It is a test to see how friendly the mucus of the cervix toward the sperm invasion a few days before and after ovulation.
The result can be determined after a) Male partner sperm with female partner cervical mucus b) Male partner sperm with healthy mucus c) Known healthy sperm with female partner mucus d) Known healthy sperm with known healthy muscle 12.
Sperm penetration assay (hamster test) Sperm penetration test only is needed if the normal semen test can not determine the sperm penetration ability then hamster eggs with the ouster membrane has been stripped off are used in place of female eggs because of it's structural similarity to human eggs.
13.
Sperm-Ubiquitin tag immunoassay (SUTI) Sperm-Ubiquitin tag immunoassay ignores other sperm attributes and focus solely on sperm's ubiquitin because ubiquitin is considered as a universal marker of any sperm abnormalities including sperm damage and sperm defective, thereby reducing some unnecessary treatments.
14.
Semen analysis A semen analysis is usually the first test for all infertility male , it helps to measure the amount of semen a man produces and determines the quantity and quality of sperm such as size, shape.
movement and PH level in the sample.
a) Normal form sperm Ovary head, single tail with intact midsection and an uncoiled.
b) Abnormal heads Head of sperm if too big or too small and other than ovary head.
c) Abnormal tails Coil, broken, bent tail and other than single tail.
d) Immature gen cells Since white blood cells and white gen cells have a very similar apprance and structure, it is up to the specialist to make sure that the present is immature gen cells and not white blood cells.
e) Vital staining It is the analysis to see the percentage of dead sperm compare to lice one.
f) Urinalysis It is to make sure the infertility is not caused by retrograde rejaculation and the urinary tract is not infected.
15.
Scrotal sonography Scotal sonography is used to evaluate the testicle disorder and surrounding organs including prostate gland, epididymis, an absent or undescended testicle and any testicle abnormality.
16.
Testicle biopsy A small sample is taken and tested for the ability of sperm producing cellsl in normal cells production.
This test is necessary if the infertility male is found to have no sperm in semen, normal sex levels of hormone and abnormal sperm with unknown cause.
The risk of the test may cause testicle damage.
17.
Vasography Vasography is a Radiographic study of the vas deferens.
It helps to determine if the vas deferens is blocked or not and the reason of such blockage.
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