When to Prune

• Late winter is the ideal time to start pruning fruit trees. The bare branches make it easy to see the overall tree structure and what needs to be changed; the tree has not started its spring growth yet and any cuts made will heal easily once the tree resumes growth. Remove any dead or damaged wood and work on the shape of the tree to train it to how it needs to grow. Remove any overlapping branches that may prevent sunlight or good air circulation from entering the tree canopy. Over the summer, remove any damaged wood, broken branches or suckers that develop. Fall cuts will not heal before the tree becomes dormant for the winter, so only prune away branches that must go during that time.
  
  

Pruning System by Fruit Type

• There are three main pruning systems that fruit trees need for maximum fruit production. Central leader and modified leader systems are used on both apple and pear trees. Central leader consists of one strong central branch with numerous smaller lateral branches growing from it. The modified leader has one central branch with three to four other branches that are just as strong and important coming off the main stalk. Sweet cherries also benefit from central leader pruning and some nut trees prefer modified. Open center is the preferred choice for peaches, nectarines, plums and apricots. With the open center system, the one strong center stem is removed and three or four main branches, with numerous smaller branches surround the trunk, keeping the top open for maximum sunlight.
  
  

Tools to Use

• Using the right tools when pruning makes the job easier and ensures clean, accurate cuts. Hand pruners are used for cuts up to 1/2 inch in diameter; cutting larger twigs may damage the pruners. Scissor-cut pruners make a clean cut on branches and anvil pruners crush cut the wood. Lopping shears, or loppers, are long-handled shears that cut through branches up to 2 inches in diameter, and pole pruners allow for trimming areas higher in the tree that cannot be easily reached with loppers or hand pruners.
  
  

Other Pruning Tips

• Do not prune any more than is necessary. Excessive pruning will not necessarily promote vigorous growth or healthier fruit. Wound dressing is not required; let the tree heal naturally as it grows throughout the season. Prune regularly -- trees grow better with ongoing attention rather than those that are pruned only occasionally. Keep tools clean and sharp so stem cuts are clean with no shredding or damage, which will reduce the risk of disease entering the tree. Prune out vertical branches, the horizontal branches are the main fruit producers.