Cultivars

• Philodendron scandens f. oxycardium, or the common heart-leaf philodendron, is one of the most commonly grown philodendrons, according to the University of Vermont Extension. This vining species features heart-shaped leaves and will climb up and over windowsills, door frames or support trellises. Philodedron pinnatifidum, or the palmleaf philodrendron, is an upright species -- it does not climb. This plant has deeply lobed leaves that shimmer with a grayish-green color. The leaves contrast sharply with the red-speckled stems. The velour philodendron, P. melanochrysum, is a climbing species that has velvety soft, almost black leaves lined with light green veins. The leaves can get up to 3 feet long.
  
  

Culture

• Proper culture will keep your philodendron looking its best. Philodendrons thrive in mild climates where year-round temperatures average in the 70s F. They prefer consistently moist soil and high humidity, and will grow best in filtered or dappled light. Bright, direct sunlight will scorch the leaves. Not enough light will cause the lower leaves to wilt and turn yellow.
  
  

Pests and Diseases

• Pests and diseases can also cause your philodendron to be less than ornamental. Overly wet soil will lead to root rot, a group of fungal diseases that can destroy the roots of the plant, causing wilting and possibly even death. Grow philodendrons in well-draining soil, and never let potted plants sit in water. Indoor plants can be plagued by common houseplant pests such as mealybugs and scale. Knock these insects off with a strong stream or water, or use an insecticide to kill them, but be sure to use insecticide outdoors only.
  
  

Warning

• Philodendrons may look good, but they don't taste good. The plants contain a toxic substance in the sap, so handle with care if you trim the plant back or take cuttings. Consumption of the plant by people or pets may cause pain, swelling, vomiting and other, more serious health problems. For that reason, keep this plant away from children and pets.