Topsoil Texture

• Soil texture is determined by the percentage of sand, silt or clay particles. Drainage, susceptibility to erosion and organic matter content are all dependent on soil texture.Topsoil texture is amended by adding natural materials such as sawdust, dried leaves, compost or peat moss.
  
  

Topsoil Structure

• Topsoil structure is determined by the arrangement of soil particles or particle aggregates. Pores between soil particles contain water and oxygen. Soil structure provides support for plant root systems.
  
  

Biological Activity

• Structure also is created by the biological processes of microorganisms in soil. Earthworms create tunnels that improve soil structure. Beneficial fungi and bacteria produce gluelike substances that hold soil particles together.